Former Vice President Kamala Harris identified the presidents she considers the most effective in American history during an appearance at the National Urban League Conference—but notably omitted President Joe Biden, despite having served as his vice president for four years.

During a conversation with National Urban League President Marc Morial, Harris was asked to “rank the top 3 most effective American presidents in history.”

Harris began by praising Franklin Delano Roosevelt, crediting him with helping the country through periods of extraordinary hardship by expanding government investment in the American people.

She then highlighted Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, explaining that Kennedy laid the foundation for major initiatives that Johnson later carried forward.

“I credit Kennedy, of course, in terms of what he laid the groundwork for,” Harris continued. “And then Johnson followed up on.”

Harris rounded out her list by praising President Barack Obama, pointing specifically to his healthcare reforms and other accomplishments during his administration.

“What he did with the Affordable Care Act and many things.”

She argued that the Affordable Care Act addressed one of America’s most persistent problems.

“If we had one issue that’s been ailing America for generations, which is a healthcare system that has failed anyone other than the rich,” she stated.

Absent from Harris’ list was President Joe Biden, under whom she served after the two won the 2020 election.

The omission comes after Harris publicly criticized Biden’s decision to seek reelection in her 2025 memoir, 107 Days, where she argued that his decision to remain in the race proved to be a mistake.

“I knew it would come off to him as incredibly self-serving if I advised him not to run. He would see it as naked ambition, perhaps as poisonous disloyalty, even if my only message was: Don’t let the other guy win,” Harris wrote.

She also reflected on Biden’s age and declining stamina during the campaign.

“But at 81, Joe got tired,” she continued in the memoir. “That’s when his age showed in physical and verbal stumbles.”

Biden initially launched a campaign for a second term in 2024 but came under mounting pressure from Democratic leaders to withdraw after his widely criticized debate performance against President Donald Trump.

When Biden ultimately exited the race, he endorsed Harris, leaving her just 107 days to mount a presidential campaign before Election Day.

Harris has also criticized Biden’s decision to seek another term during a separate appearance on MSNBC’s The Rachel Maddow Show, where she said she believed she had a “certain responsibility” to push back against his 2024 reelection bid.