Sephardic Jews first arrived during the age of exploration, but the community didn’t really flourish until the arrival of European Jews in the 19th century. Eastern European Jews arrived in great numbers towards the end of the 19th century, making Argentina one of the greatest destinations of Jewish immigration. Some immigrants settled in agricultural colonies established by Baron Maurice de Hirsch, becoming Jewish gauchos. Despite rising antisemitism in the postwar era, and experiencing negative migration, the Argentinian Jewish community continued to flourish through the 20th century. 

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