Q: What does my cholesterol number really mean, and why is it important? 

A: Many adults know they have had their cholesterol checked, but they are often unsure what the numbers actually mean. Understanding your cholesterol levels is important because high cholesterol can increase your risk of heart disease and stroke, two of the leading causes of death in the United States. 

Cholesterol is a waxy substance that your body needs to build cells and produce certain hormones. However, too much cholesterol in the blood can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow and increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. 

A standard cholesterol test typically measures four key numbers: 

Total Cholesterol: This is the overall amount of cholesterol in your blood. In general, lower numbers are better, although your healthcare provider will consider other risk factors as well. 

LDL Cholesterol ("Bad" Cholesterol): LDL can build up in the walls of your arteries, leading to plaque formation and narrowing of the blood vessels. High LDL levels increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. 

HDL Cholesterol ("Good" Cholesterol): HDL helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and carries it back to the liver for disposal. Higher HDL levels are generally associated with better heart health. 

Triglycerides: These are a type of fat found in the blood. Elevated triglyceride levels can contribute to heart disease, especially when combined with high LDL or low HDL cholesterol. 

One of the challenges with high cholesterol is that it usually causes no symptoms. You can feel completely healthy and still have cholesterol levels that place you at increased risk. This is why regular screening is so important. 

The good news is that cholesterol levels can often be improved through lifestyle changes. Eating a heart-healthy diet (healthier fats such as avocado oil, extra virgin olive oil, nuts, less saturated fats) exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco products, and managing conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure can all help. In some cases, medication may also be recommended. 

Knowing your cholesterol numbers gives you valuable information about your heart health and allows you and your healthcare provider to take steps to reduce your risk of future cardiovascular disease. If you have not had your cholesterol checked recently, ask your primary care provider whether screening is right for you. 

Bottom line: Cholesterol numbers are more than just laboratory values—they are important indicators of your heart health. Understanding them can help you make informed decisions that protect your health for years to come. 

📍 Temima Levine, FNP

Lev Health

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