A new report released Monday by Tel Aviv University found that 2025 was the deadliest year for antisemitic violence in more than three decades, with 20 Jews killed in attacks across three continents. The annual “Antisemitism Worldwide Report for 2025” warns that severe violence surged even as overall incident levels remained far above pre–Oct. 7 figures.

The fatalities stemmed from four major attacks, including a mass killing at a Chanukkah event in Sydney, a deadly shooting outside a Jewish museum in Washington, and a firebombing in Boulder, Colorado. Data in the report also show sharp increases in antisemitic incidents in Canada, Australia, Britain and New York, even as countries like France and Germany saw overall declines that remained well above historic norms.

“The data raise concern that a high level of antisemitic incidents is becoming a normalized reality,” said Professor Uriya Shavit, the report’s editor-in-chief. “The peak in the number of incidents was recorded in the immediate aftermath of the Oct. 7, 2023, attack, after which we began to see a downward trend—but unfortunately, that trend did not continue in 2025.”

The study also found that many attackers acted as “lone wolves,” often emerging from white supremacist or anti-Zionist Muslim milieus, complicating prevention efforts. Researchers further warned of the normalization of antisemitic rhetoric, particularly in the United States, as part of a broader shift from crisis-driven spikes to a sustained pattern.

Despite some localized declines, the report emphasizes that incident levels in many countries remain significantly higher than before the Oct. 7 attacks. The findings suggest that global antisemitism has not returned to baseline, even as the immediate trigger events have faded.