Alan Greenspan, the former Federal Reserve chairman who helped steer the U.S. economy through some of its most turbulent modern crises, has died at 100.

Greenspan chaired the Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006, serving under Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. He took office just weeks before the Black Monday stock market crash and later guided U.S. monetary policy through the dot-com bubble, the September 11 attacks and the early 2000s recession.

For nearly two decades, Greenspan was one of the most powerful economic figures in Washington. Supporters credited him with helping preserve market confidence, keep inflation under control and oversee a long period of American economic growth.

His legacy, however, became more complicated after the 2008 financial crisis. Critics argued that his support for low interest rates and lighter regulation helped fuel excessive risk in the financial system. Greenspan later acknowledged flaws in his approach, saying, “I made a mistake.”

His wife, NBC News correspondent Andrea Mitchell, confirmed that he died from complications related to Parkinson’s disease. She remembered him as both a towering public figure and a deeply personal presence, saying, “He will be remembered for his brilliance and his kindness. Being his life partner was the joy of my life.”