This article is brought to you by the editorial team of JLI’s Living Jewish series, which has recently released The Complete Guide to Keeping Kosher, as previously reported on COLlive.

I’m away on summer vacation, hunting the local grocery aisles for a makeshift supper. Then I spot them in the freezer section: par-baked baguettes with a hechsher, the kind you finish in your own oven for ten minutes. I grab a pack before I notice that the hechsher doesn’t say whether it’s pas Yisrael. Does it need to be, or can I fix this myself?

Let’s first understand what makes bread pas Yisrael in the first place. Pas akum is bread baked by a non-Jew, which Chazal restricted to curb the socializing that comes from breaking bread together. If a Jew takes part in the baking by doing some minimal act that helps it along, the bread becomes pas Yisrael.

Classically that means lighting the oven, putting in the dough, raising the heat, or fanning the flames. With a modern oven it’s simpler: turning it on, adjusting the temperature, setting a timer, or closing the oven door all make the final product count as baked by a Jew.

So finishing my par-baked baguettes in the toaster oven we brought is fine, then?

Yes. Par-baked goods are usually baked to roughly 80 percent in the factory, then frozen before the bake is done. When you finish the last few minutes in your own oven, you’re completing the baking, and the baguettes come out pas Yisrael.

What about these burger buns that aren’t par-baked but would taste much better after a few minutes on the grill? Can a Jew toasting them further make them pas Yisrael?

No. A Jew’s participation only counts while the bread is still not fully ready to eat. Throwing the buns on the grill makes them taste better, but it isn’t completing the baking, it’s reheating finished bread. Once bread is pas akum and fully baked, toasting won’t turn it into pas Yisrael.

That said, the hechsher not labelling them as pas Yisrael doesn’t necessarily mean they aren’t. Some products are pas Yisrael even when the packaging doesn’t say so. To help you identify them, kashrus agencies release annual lists of pas Yisrael products. The OU, Kof-K, cRc, and others post theirs online, and you can find them by searching “Pas Yisrael list.”

So check that list before you give up on those buns. They may be pas Yisrael after all.

If you have a question you’d like to submit, email us at [email protected].

Note: The Halachic rulings in this article were reviewed by Bais Hora’ah Chabad.